Antibody Cross-Reactivity between Proteins of Chia Seed ( Salvia hispanica L.) and Other Food Allergens.

Chia seeds are becoming increasingly common in Europe because of their functional and nutritional properties. Despite this, few studies have focused on the allergic potential and antibody cross-reactivity among storage proteins in chia seed and other plants. The aim of this study was to identify chia seed's immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin E (IgE) binding proteins ( Salvia hispanica L.) and to investigate the antibody cross-reactivity among its storage proteins and those of other seeds. Extracted chia seed proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Immunodetection was performed with commercial antibodies against sesame seed, hazelnut, and peanut and sera from 33 patients with a hazelnut allergy and five with a sesame allergy. Cross-reactivity of certain antibodies with storage proteins of chia seed, sesame seed, and hazelnut was assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) inhibition, blot inhibition, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy. IgG binding proteins were identified at molecular weight (MW) 70, 49, 34, 23, and 20 kDa by applying commercial antibodies. Furthermore, the interaction of chia proteins with sera from sesame-allergic patients led to identify IgE binding proteins at MW 49, 45, 31, 20, and 12 kDa, while IgEs in sera from hazelnut-allergic patients reacted with proteins at MW 300, 140, 49, 45, 31, 20, and 6 kDa. The results of ELISA inhibition and blot inhibition indicated chia seed proteins are similar to sesame seed and hazelnut proteins in the primary structure. The antisesame antibodies' binding to sesame proteins was more strongly inhibited by the chia globulin fraction (GLO) than the antihazelnut antibodies' binding to hazelnut proteins. SPR results confirmed the presence of IgG binding proteins in GLO and the high similarity of epitopes on globulins of chia seed and sesame seed. Thus, chia seed consumption might lead to cross-sensitization in patients with a sesame allergy.

Salvia Lavandulifolia Vahl: características botánicas, composición química y actividad biológica / Salvia Lavandulifolia Vahl: botanical characteristics, chemical composition and biological activity

El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una revisión sobre la especie Salvia lavandulifolia, conocida como salvia española, perteneciente a la familia de las Lamináceas y característica de la zona mediterránea. Presenta una gran complejidad taxonómica, reflejada en las cinco subespecies que se conocen: lavundulifolia, vellerea, oxyodon, blancoana y mariolensis. En su composición química es característica la presencia de polifenoles y terpenos, especialmente monoterpenos como alpha-pineno, 1,8-cineol y alcanfor, frecuentemente en elevado porcentaje en su aceite esencial. Esta especie forma parte de un importante género de plantas aromáticas aclimatadas en todo el mundo por su uso en medicina tradicional (antibacteriano, digestivo, reforzador de la memoria) y también con proósitos culinarios. Se han publicado diversos estudios relacionados con su actividad farmacológica que demuestran sus propiedades antioxidante, antiinflamatoria, estrogénica, inhibidora de la acetilcolinesterasa, así como su eficacia en afecciones del sistema nervioso central, como trastornos cognitivos (AU)

The aim of this paper es to review Salvia lavandulifolia, known as Spanish sage, belonging to the Lamiaceae family and characteristic of the Mediterranean área. It shows high taxonomic complexity reflected in the five known subspecies: lavandulifolia, vellerea, oxyodon, clancoana and mariolensis. Its chemical composition is characterized by the presence of polyphenols and terpenes, particularly monoterpenes such as alpha-pinene, 1,8-cineole, and camphor, which are often found in high percentage in the essential oil. This species belongs to an important genus of aromatic plants acclimated worldwide and used traditionally in medicine (as antibacterial, digestive and memory enhacer) as well as for culinary purposes- There are several pharmacological studies showing its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, estrogenic and acetylcholinesterase inhibition properties, as well as its efficacy in central nervous system diseases as cognitive disorders (AU)

Immunoinhibitory effect of teuclatriol a guaiane sesquiterpene from Salvia mirzayanii.

BACKGROUND: Salvia mirzayanii, a native plant to Iran, is shown to have immunomodulatory effects on lymphocyte proliferation. OBJECTIVE: To identify the bioactive immunomodulatory compound(s) present in S. mirzayanii. METHODS: The crude extract was fractionated to five fractions in two steps using different solvents. The fractions were subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation. All the fractions were tested for bioactivity on human activated-peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) using cell proliferation assay. RESULTS: The methanol fraction (Fr. M) showed the highest inhibitory effect on PBLs compared to other fractions. Fr. M was applied on a gravity column chromatography for further fractionation. Resultant fractions, demonstrated inhibitory effects at higher concentrations. Fr. 4 with an 18.9 ± 0.2% inhibitory activity at 200 µg/ml and with the highest quantity was applied on preparative TLC plates for further purification. The final purified compound was identified as teuclatriol, a guaiane sesquiterpene, by NMR analysis. This compound showed a significant anti-proliferative effect on human activated-peripheral blood lymphocytes (IC50, 72.8 ± 5.4 µg/ml). CONCLUSION: Teuclatriol was found to be one of the compounds responsible for the immunoinhibitory effect of Salvia mirzayanii. We suggest further studies on teuclatriol, exploring its mechanism of action as an immunomodulatory compound.